In modern physics, the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena quantum manifestations. Is the carrier particle of all forms of electromagnetic radiation, including gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, microwaves and radio waves. The photon has zero invariant mass and travels in a vacuum with a constant velocity c. Like all quanta, the photon has both particle propertieso say what the excited molecule.
The previous description of a photon as a carrier of electromagnetic radiation is often used by physicists. However, in theoretical physics, a photon can be considered as a mediator for any type of electromagnetic interaction.
The discussion about the nature of light goes back to antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Newton preferred a corpuscular interpretation of light, while his contemporary Huygens and Hooke supported the hypothesis of light as a wave. D Experimentsand interference, such as that conducted by Young in the nineteenth century, confirmed the wave model of light. The idea of light as particles returned to the modern concept of photon was developed gradually between 1905 and 1917 by Albert Einstein building on earlier work by Planck, in which he introduced the concept of terms. With the photon model could explain experimental observations that did not fit the classical wave model of light. In particular, explaining how the energy of light depends on the frequency (observed dependence on the photoelectric effect) and the ability of matter and radiationN electromagnetic to stay in thermal equilibrium.
Other physicists tried to explain anomalous observations by models "semiclassical", in which the light was still described by Maxwell's equations, but the material objects that emitted and absorbed n light were quantized. Although these semiclassical models contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, subsequent experiments have tested the hypothesis of Einstein on the quantization of light (light quanta are photons).
The photon concept has led to important advances in f & as properties Gauge symmetry.
Photons are applied to many areas such as photochemistry, the light microscope and measurement of molecular distances. Even they have been studied as components of quantum computers and sophisticated applications such as optical communication quantum cryptography.
The photon was originally called by Albert Einstein [3] "the light" (in German: das Lichtquant). The modern name "photon" comes from the Greek word φῶς (which is transcribed as phos), meaning light, and wascoined in 1926 by physicist Gilbert N. Lewis, who published a speculative theory in which photons could "create or destroy." Although Lewis's theory was never accepted, being contradicted by many experiments, the new name "photon" was quickly adopted by most scientists.
In physics, the photon is usually represented by the symbol (the Greek letter gamma). This symbol comes possibly gamma rays, discovered and baptized with that name in 1900 by Villard and that proved to be a form of electromagnetic radiation & eacute; policy as demonstrated by Rutherford and Andrade [10] in 1914. In chemistry and optical engineering, the photons are usually symbolized by, which also represents the energy associated with a photon, where is the Planck constant and the Greek letter is the frequency of particle. Much less frequently, the photon is also represented by, with, in this case, the frequency.
Light consists of electromagnetic energy particles called photons. Foton sporadically occurs when electrons (yellow) to approach accelerates ions (blue). At increased temperatures the productivity of a photon isumenta.
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